This passage from Ephesians 2:13–22 provides a theological foundation for unity that moves beyond mere organizational or denominational cooperation. It describes a reconstructive unity—where Christ doesn’t just patch over differences, but creates an entirely new reality.

Here is how the Spirit and the work of Christ emphasize a Spirit Unity among other Christians that transcends all human divisions, and a hierarchical approach.

1. The Destruction of the “Dividing Wall.”

In the ancient world, the “dividing wall” referred to the physical and ritual barriers between Jews and Gentiles. Paul uses this to illustrate how Christ addresses human hostility.

• Peace through Sacrifice: Unity is achieved “by the blood of Christ” and “in his flesh.” It is not a diplomatic treaty but a finished work of reconciliation.

• The End of Hostility: By abolishing the legalism that separated groups (“ordinances”), Christ removed the grounds for superiority or exclusion.

2. The Creation of the “One New Man”

This is perhaps the strongest emphasis on unity in the New Testament.

• Beyond Reconciliation: Christ did not simply bring two groups to a truce; He created “in himself one new man in place of the two.” * A New Humanity: This suggests that our identity “in Christ” is more primary than our ethnic, cultural, or denominational identities. In this “new man,” the old hostilities are “killed” at the cross.

3. The Structural Metaphor: The Holy Temple

Paul shifts from the metaphor of a “body” (used in 1 Corinthians) to the metaphor of a “building” or “temple.”

• The Foundation: Unity is anchored in truth—the “foundation of the apostles and prophets”—with “Christ Jesus himself being the cornerstone.” A building only stays together if every stone is aligned with the cornerstone.

• The Growth: This is a living structure. It is “joined together” and “grows” into a holy temple. Unity is a process of being “fitted” together.

• The Purpose: The end goal of this unity is to be a “dwelling place for God by the Spirit.” God’s presence is uniquely manifested not just in individuals, but in the “built together” community.

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Comparison: Unity in 1 Corinthians vs. Ephesians

Feature	1 Corinthians 12 (The Body)	Ephesians 2 (The Temple)
Focus	Diversity of function/gifts.	Diversity of origin/background.
The Spirit’s Role	The life-blood/drink of the body.	The resident/builder of the dwelling.
Key Emphasis	Interdependence of members.	Peace and the removal of hostility.
Unity Type	Organic Unity: Living together.	Covenantal Unity: Building together.

Practical Implication for “Denominational Differences”

Verses 19–20 argue that believers are “fellow citizens” and “members of the household.” This suggests that while denominations might represent different “rooms” or “traditions” within the household, the “structure” itself is unified by the Spirit. If the Spirit dwells in the whole building, then the unity of the Church is a present spiritual reality to be guarded, rather than a goal to be manufactured.

God gives Sovereign Gifts, which are probably very different from one gift to another.